How the rate is worked out
- Yearly cost: pay + payroll taxes and on-costs + overhead.
- Billable hours: 52 weeks of work days, minus vacation, sick days and holidays, times your billable %.
- Break-even rate = yearly cost ÷ billable hours.
- Your rate = break-even ÷ (1 − profit margin).
Sources
- Self-employment tax 15.3% (12.4% Social Security, 2.9% Medicare) (IRS).
Other countries: Australia · New Zealand · United States. More: profit margin calculator and the invoice generator.
Quick answers
Why is my charge-out rate so much higher than my wage?
Because you can’t bill every hour you work, and the business pays costs a wage doesn’t: vehicle, tools, insurance, phone, accounts, and leave. A $45 wage often needs a charge-out rate of $90 to $130 to break even and make a profit, depending on how many hours are billable.
What is a good billable percentage?
Most tradies bill 60–80% of the hours they work. The rest goes on quoting, travel, buying materials, admin and call-backs. Being honest about this number matters more than anything else in the calculator.
How does self-employment tax affect my rate?
Self-employment tax is 15.3% (12.4% Social Security plus 2.9% Medicare) on net earnings. An employee would pay half and the employer the other half, so the calculator adds 7.65%, the employer-equivalent half, as a business cost of paying yourself.
What on-costs apply to employees?
Employers pay 7.65% FICA (6.2% Social Security and 1.45% Medicare) on wages, plus workers’ compensation insurance and federal and state unemployment taxes, which vary by state. Add those under "Other on-costs".